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2014 ; 76
(8
): 2175-83
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Finding faces among faces: human faces are located more quickly and accurately
than other primate and mammal faces
#MMPMID25113852
Simpson EA
; Buchin Z
; Werner K
; Worrell R
; Jakobsen KV
Atten Percept Psychophys
2014[Nov]; 76
(8
): 2175-83
PMID25113852
show ga
We tested the specificity of human face search efficiency by examining whether
there is a broad window of detection for various face-like stimuli-human and
animal faces-or whether own-species faces receive greater attentional allocation.
We assessed the strength of the own-species face detection bias by testing
whether human faces are located more efficiently than other animal faces, when
presented among various other species' faces, in heterogeneous 16-, 36-, and
64-item arrays. Across all array sizes, we found that, controlling for distractor
type, human faces were located faster and more accurately than primate and mammal
faces, and that, controlling for target type, searches were faster when
distractors were human faces compared to animal faces, revealing more efficient
processing of human faces regardless of their role as targets or distractors
(Experiment 1). Critically, these effects remained when searches were for
specific species' faces (human, chimpanzee, otter), ruling out a category-level
explanation (Experiment 2). Together, these results suggest that human faces may
be processed more efficiently than animal faces, both when task-relevant
(targets) and task-irrelevant (distractors), even in direct competition with
other faces. These results suggest that there is not a broad window of detection
for all face-like patterns but that human adults process own-species' faces more
efficiently than other species' faces. Such own-species search efficiencies may
arise through experience with own-species faces throughout development or may be
privileged early in development, due to the evolutionary importance of
conspecifics' faces.