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2014 ; 289
(44
): 30334-30342
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Comprehensive analysis of stop codon usage in bacteria and its correlation with
release factor abundance
#MMPMID25217634
Korkmaz G
; Holm M
; Wiens T
; Sanyal S
J Biol Chem
2014[Oct]; 289
(44
): 30334-30342
PMID25217634
show ga
We present a comprehensive analysis of stop codon usage in bacteria by analyzing
over eight million coding sequences of 4684 bacterial sequences. Using a newly
developed program called "stop codon counter," the frequencies of the three
classical stop codons TAA, TAG, and TGA were analyzed, and a publicly available
stop codon database was built. Our analysis shows that with increasing genomic GC
content the frequency of the TAA codon decreases and that of the TGA codon
increases in a reciprocal manner. Interestingly, the release factor 1-specific
codon TAG maintains a more or less uniform frequency (?20%) irrespective of the
GC content. The low abundance of TAG is also valid with respect to expression
level of the genes ending with different stop codons. In contrast, the highly
expressed genes predominantly end with TAA, ensuring termination with either of
the two release factors. Using three model bacteria with different stop codon
usage (Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Bacillus subtilis), we show
that the frequency of TAG and TGA codons correlates well with the relative steady
state amount of mRNA and protein for release factors RF1 and RF2 during
exponential growth. Furthermore, using available microarray data for gene
expression, we show that in both fast growing and contrasting biofilm formation
conditions, the relative level of RF1 is nicely correlated with the expression
level of the genes ending with TAG.