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2014 ; 21
(13
): 1863-80
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The role of genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes and potential
antioxidant therapies in neonatal lung disease
#MMPMID24382101
Dani C
; Poggi C
Antioxid Redox Signal
2014[Nov]; 21
(13
): 1863-80
PMID24382101
show ga
SIGNIFICANCE: Oxidative stress is involved in the development of newborn lung
diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and persistent pulmonary
hypertension of the newborn. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), which is
impaired as a result of prematurity and oxidative injury, may be further affected
by specific genetic polymorphisms or an unfavorable combination of more of them.
RECENT ADVANCES: Genetic polymorphisms of superoxide dismutase and catalase were
recently demonstrated to be protective or risk factors for the main complications
of prematurity. A lot of research focused on the potential of different
antioxidant strategies in the prevention and treatment of lung diseases of the
newborn, providing promising results in experimental models. CRITICAL ISSUES: The
effect of different genetic polymorphisms on protein synthesis and activity has
been poorly detailed in the newborn, hindering to derive conclusive results from
the observed associations with adverse outcomes. Therapeutic strategies that
aimed at enhancing the activity of AOEs were poorly studied in clinical settings
and partially failed to produce clinical benefits. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: The
clarification of the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the proteomics of the
newborn is mandatory, as well as the assessment of a larger number of
polymorphisms with a possible correlation with adverse outcome. Moreover,
antioxidant treatments should be carefully translated to clinical settings, after
further details on optimal doses, administration techniques, and adverse effects
are provided. Finally, the study of genetic polymorphisms could help select a
specific high-risk population, who may particularly benefit from targeted
antioxidant strategies.