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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Eur+J+Immunol 2014 ; 44 (10): 2847-53 Nephropedia Template TP
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Cytosolic DNA Sensing via the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Adaptor: The Yin and Yang of Immune Responses to DNA #MMPMID25143264
Lemos H; Huang L; McGaha TL; Mellor AL
Eur J Immunol 2014[Oct]; 44 (10): 2847-53 PMID25143264show ga
DNA is immunogenic and many cells express cytosolic DNA sensors that activate the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) adaptor to trigger interferon type I (IFN-?) release, a potent immune activator. DNA sensing to induce IFN-? triggers host immunity to pathogens but constitutive DNA sensing can induce sustained IFN-? release which incites autoimmunity. Here we focus on cytosolic DNA sensing via the STING/IFN-? pathway which regulates immune responses. Recent studies reveal that cytosolic DNA sensing via the STING/IFN-? pathway induces indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan to suppress effector and helper T-cell responses and activate Foxp3-lineage CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. During homeostasis, and in some inflammatory settings, specialized innate immune cells in the spleen and lymph nodes may ingest and sense cytosolic DNA to reinforce tolerance that prevents autoimmunity. However, malignancies and pathogens may exploit DNA-induced regulatory responses to suppress natural and vaccine-induced immunity to malignant and infected cells. In this review we discuss the biologic significance of regulatory responses to DNA and novel approaches to exploit DNA-induced responses immune for therapeutic benefit. The ability of DNA to drive tolerogenic or immunogenic responses highlights the need to evaluate immune responses to DNA in physiologic settings relevant to disease progression or therapy.