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2014 ; 11
(3
): 195-204
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gab.com Text
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Smoking and physical inactivity patterns during midlife as predictors of
all-cause mortality and disability: A 39-year prospective study
#MMPMID25309303
Shaw BA
; Agahi N
Eur J Ageing
2014[Sep]; 11
(3
): 195-204
PMID25309303
show ga
This study estimated the long-term mortality hazards and disability risks
associated with various combinations of smoking and physical inactivity measured
over time in a sample of middle-aged adults. Data came from a national sample of
Swedish adults, originally interviewed in 1968 and followed until 2007 (N=1,682).
Smoking and physical activity status were measured at baseline and 13 years later
(1981). Different patterns of change and stability in smoking and physical
inactivity over this 13 year period were used as predictors of mortality through
2007. Also, associations between different patterns of these health behaviors and
the odds of disability (measured in 2004) were estimated among survivors (n=925).
Results suggest that mortality rates were elevated among persistent (HR=1.7; 95%
CI=1.5, 2.0) and new smokers (HR=2.5; 95% CI=1.6, 4.1), but not among
discontinued smokers. However, mortality rates remained elevated among
discontinued smokers who were also persistently inactive (HR=1.9; 95% CI=1.3,
2.6). Additional findings suggest that persistent physical inactivity during
midlife was associated with increased odds of late-life disability (OR=1.8; 95%
CI=1.1, 2.7), but that smoking had no clear additive or multiplicative effects on
disability. As such, these findings indicate that while persistent smoking during
midlife primarily impacts subsequent mortality, persistent physical inactivity
during midlife appears to counteract the survival benefits of smoking cessation,
while also imposing a long-term risk on late life disability among those who do
survive to old age.