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2014 ; 20
(19
): 5001-8
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Molecular pathways: deregulation of histone h3 lysine 27 methylation in
cancer-different paths, same destination
#MMPMID24987060
Ezponda T
; Licht JD
Clin Cancer Res
2014[Oct]; 20
(19
): 5001-8
PMID24987060
show ga
Methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me), a modification associated with
gene repression, plays a critical role in regulating the expression of genes that
determine the balance between cell differentiation and proliferation. Alteration
of the level of this histone modification has emerged as a recurrent theme in
many types of cancer, demonstrating that either excess or lack of H3K27
methylation can have oncogenic effects. Cancer genome sequencing has revealed the
genetic basis of H3K27me deregulation, including mutations of the components of
the H3K27 methyltransferase complex PRC2 and accessory proteins, and deletions
and inactivating mutations of the H3K27 demethylase UTX in a wide variety of
neoplasms. More recently, mutations of lysine 27 on histone H3 itself were shown
to prevent H3K27me in pediatric glioblastomas. Aberrant expression or mutations
in proteins that recognize H3K27me3 also occur in cancer and may result in
misinterpretation of this mark. In addition, due to the cross-talk between
different epigenetic modifications, alterations of chromatin modifiers
controlling H3K36me, or even mutations of this residue, can ultimately regulate
H3K27me levels and distribution across the genome. The significance of mutations
altering H3K27me is underscored by the fact that many tumors harboring such
lesions often have a poor clinical outcome. New therapeutic approaches targeting
aberrant H3K27 methylation include small molecules that block the action of
mutant EZH2 in germinal center-derived lymphoma. Understanding the biologic
consequences and gene expression pathways affected by aberrant H3K27 methylation
may also lead to other new therapeutic strategies.