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2014 ; 28
(10
): 555-64
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Using health provider insights to inform pediatric HIV disclosure: a qualitative
study and practice framework from Kenya
#MMPMID25216105
Beima-Sofie K
; John-Stewart G
; Shah B
; Wamalwa D
; Maleche-Obimbo E
; Kelley M
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2014[Oct]; 28
(10
): 555-64
PMID25216105
show ga
Optimal pediatric HIV disclosure impacts illness and developmental experiences
while improving access to timely treatment. However, disclosure rates in high HIV
prevalence countries remain low and there are limited data on best practices. We
conducted a qualitative study of disclosure practices and interviewed healthcare
providers from five pediatric HIV clinics in Kenya. We identified themes central
to disclosure practices, rationale for approaches, barriers to implementing
disclosure, and creative strategies to overcome challenges. We used these
insights to develop a practice-based framework for disclosure that is sensitive
to practical challenges. Overall, providers had limited training but extensive
experience in disclosure, endorsed individualized disclosure practices, invested
substantial time on disclosure despite clinical burden, and noted adverse
outcomes associated with unplanned or abrupt disclosure. Providers advocated for
an approach to disclosure that is child-centered but respects caregiver fears and
values. Caregiver support was provided to enable caregivers to be the person who
ultimately disclosed HIV status to children. Unplanned or abrupt disclosure to
children was reported to have severe and persistent adverse impact and was a
stimulus to accelerate disclosure in scenarios when providers believed children
may be suspecting their diagnosis. Based on these expert insights, the framework
we developed incorporates concurrent evaluation of child and caregiver readiness,
identifies cues to prompt disclosure discussions, includes caregiver education
and support, and utilizes a gradual approach of unveiling HIV diagnosis to the
child.