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2014 ; 35
(10
): 2203-13
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Targeting the Warburg effect with a novel glucose transporter inhibitor to
overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells
#MMPMID24879635
Lai IL
; Chou CC
; Lai PT
; Fang CS
; Shirley LA
; Yan R
; Mo X
; Bloomston M
; Kulp SK
; Bekaii-Saab T
; Chen CS
Carcinogenesis
2014[Oct]; 35
(10
): 2203-13
PMID24879635
show ga
Gemcitabine resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Here, we used a
novel glucose transporter (Glut) inhibitor, CG-5, as a proof-of-concept compound
to investigate the therapeutic utility of targeting the Warburg effect to
overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. The effects of gemcitabine
and/or CG-5 on viability, survival, glucose uptake and DNA damage were evaluated
in gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Mechanistic studies were conducted to determine the molecular basis of
gemcitabine resistance and the mechanism of CG-5-induced sensitization to
gemcitabine. The effects of CG-5 on gemcitabine sensitivity were investigated in
a xenograft tumor model of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. In contrast
to gemcitabine-sensitive pancreatic cancer cells, the resistant Panc-1 and
Panc-1(GemR) cells responded to gemcitabine by increasing the expression of
ribonucleotide reductase M2 catalytic subunit (RRM2) through E2F1-mediated
transcriptional activation. Acting as a pan-Glut inhibitor, CG-5 abrogated this
gemcitabine-induced upregulation of RRM2 through decreased E2F1 expression,
thereby enhancing gemcitabine-induced DNA damage and inhibition of cell survival.
This CG-5-induced inhibition of E2F1 expression was mediated by the induction of
a previously unreported E2F1-targeted microRNA, miR-520f. The addition of oral
CG-5 to gemcitabine therapy caused greater suppression of Panc-1(GemR) xenograft
tumor growth in vivo than either drug alone. Glut inhibition may be an effective
strategy to enhance gemcitabine activity for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.