Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=25225299
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25225299
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Learn+Mem
2014 ; 21
(10
): 534-42
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Molecular mechanisms underlying formation of long-term reward memories and
extinction memories in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)
#MMPMID25225299
Eisenhardt D
Learn Mem
2014[Oct]; 21
(10
): 534-42
PMID25225299
show ga
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) has long served as an invertebrate model organism
for reward learning and memory research. Its capacity for learning and memory
formation is rooted in the ecological need to efficiently collect nectar and
pollen during summer to ensure survival of the hive during winter. Foraging bees
learn to associate a flower's characteristic features with a reward in a way that
resembles olfactory appetitive classical conditioning, a learning paradigm that
is used to study mechanisms underlying learning and memory formation in the
honeybee. Due to a plethora of studies on appetitive classical conditioning and
phenomena related to it, the honeybee is one of the best characterized
invertebrate model organisms from a learning psychological point of view.
Moreover, classical conditioning and associated behavioral phenomena are
surprisingly similar in honeybees and vertebrates, suggesting a convergence of
underlying neuronal processes, including the molecular mechanisms that contribute
to them. Here I review current thinking on the molecular mechanisms underlying
long-term memory (LTM) formation in honeybees following classical conditioning
and extinction, demonstrating that an in-depth analysis of the molecular
mechanisms of classical conditioning in honeybees might add to our understanding
of associative learning in honeybees and vertebrates.
free
free
free
