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2014 ; 193
(7
): 3436-45
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Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 limits RIG-I RNA detection and suppresses IFN
production responding to viral and endogenous RNAs
#MMPMID25172485
Yang S
; Deng P
; Zhu Z
; Zhu J
; Wang G
; Zhang L
; Chen AF
; Wang T
; Sarkar SN
; Billiar TR
; Wang Q
J Immunol
2014[Oct]; 193
(7
): 3436-45
PMID25172485
show ga
Type I IFNs play central roles in innate immunity; however, overproduction of IFN
can lead to immunopathology. In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine
deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an RNA-editing enzyme induced by IFN, is
essential for cells to avoid inappropriate sensing of cytosolic RNA in an
inducible knockout cell model-the primary mouse embryo fibroblast derived from
ADAR1 lox/lox and Cre-ER mice as well as in HEK293 cells. ADAR1 suppresses viral
and cellular RNA detection by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) through its
RNA binding rather than its RNA editing activity. dsRNA binds to both ADAR1 and
RIG-I, but ADAR1 reduces RIG-I RNA binding. In the absence of ADAR1, cellular RNA
stimulates type I IFN production without viral infection or exogenous RNA
stimulation. Moreover, we showed in the ADAR1-inducible knockout mice that ADAR1
gene disruption results in high-level IFN production in neuronal tissues-the
hallmark of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a heritable autoimmune disease recently
found to be associated with ADAR1 gene mutations. In summary, this study found
that ADAR1 limits cytosolic RNA sensing by RIG-I through its RNA binding
activity; therefore, ADAR1 suppresses type I IFN production stimulated by viral
and cellular RNAs. These results explain why loss of ADARA1 causes IFN induction
and also indicates a mechanism for the involvement of ADAR1 in autoimmune
diseases such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome.
|Adenosine Deaminase/genetics/*immunology
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/genetics/immunology/pathology
[MESH]