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2014 ; 394
(1
): 54-64
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Sterol carrier protein 2 regulates proximal tubule size in the Xenopus pronephric
kidney by modulating lipid rafts
#MMPMID25127994
Cerqueira DM
; Tran U
; Romaker D
; Abreu JG
; Wessely O
Dev Biol
2014[Oct]; 394
(1
): 54-64
PMID25127994
show ga
The kidney is a homeostatic organ required for waste excretion and reabsorption
of water, salts and other macromolecules. To this end, a complex series of
developmental steps ensures the formation of a correctly patterned and properly
proportioned organ. While previous studies have mainly focused on the individual
signaling pathways, the formation of higher order receptor complexes in lipid
rafts is an equally important aspect. These membrane platforms are characterized
by differences in local lipid and protein compositions. Indeed, the cells in the
Xenopus pronephric kidney were positive for the lipid raft markers ganglioside
GM1 and Caveolin-1. To specifically interfere with lipid raft function in vivo,
we focused on the Sterol Carrier Protein 2 (scp2), a multifunctional protein that
is an important player in remodeling lipid raft composition. In Xenopus, scp2
mRNA was strongly expressed in differentiated epithelial structures of the
pronephric kidney. Knockdown of scp2 did not interfere with the patterning of the
kidney along its proximo-distal axis, but dramatically decreased the size of the
kidney, in particular the proximal tubules. This phenotype was accompanied by a
reduction of lipid rafts, but was independent of the peroxisomal or
transcriptional activities of scp2. Finally, disrupting lipid micro-domains by
inhibiting cholesterol synthesis using Mevinolin phenocopied the defects seen in
scp2 morphants. Together these data underscore the importance for localized
signaling platforms in the proper formation of the Xenopus kidney.