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2014 ; 289
(37
): 25571-80
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The N- and C-terminal domains of tomosyn play distinct roles in soluble
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor binding and fusion
regulation
#MMPMID25063806
Yu H
; Rathore SS
; Gulbranson DR
; Shen J
J Biol Chem
2014[Sep]; 289
(37
): 25571-80
PMID25063806
show ga
Tomosyn negatively regulates SNARE-dependent exocytic pathways including insulin
secretion, GLUT4 exocytosis, and neurotransmitter release. The molecular
mechanism of tomosyn, however, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we
reconstituted SNARE-dependent fusion reactions in vitro to recapitulate the
tomosyn-regulated exocytic pathways. We then expressed and purified active
full-length tomosyn and examined how it regulates the reconstituted
SNARE-dependent fusion reactions. Using these defined fusion assays, we
demonstrated that tomosyn negatively regulates SNARE-mediated membrane fusion by
inhibiting the assembly of the ternary SNARE complex. Tomosyn recognizes the
t-SNARE complex and prevents its pairing with the v-SNARE, therefore arresting
the fusion reaction at a pre-docking stage. The inhibitory function of tomosyn is
mediated by its C-terminal domain (CTD) that contains an R-SNARE-like motif,
confirming previous studies carried out using truncated tomosyn fragments.
Interestingly, the N-terminal domain (NTD) of tomosyn is critical (but not
sufficient) to the binding of tomosyn to the syntaxin monomer, indicating that
full-length tomosyn possesses unique features not found in the widely studied CTD
fragment. Finally, we showed that the inhibitory function of tomosyn is dominant
over the stimulatory activity of the Sec1/Munc18 protein in fusion. We suggest
that tomosyn uses its CTD to arrest SNARE-dependent fusion reactions, whereas its
NTD is required for the recruitment of tomosyn to vesicle fusion sites through
syntaxin interaction.