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2014 ; 36
(4
): 346-52
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Beyond transcriptional silencing: is methylcytosine a widely conserved eukaryotic
DNA elimination mechanism?
#MMPMID24519896
Bracht JR
Bioessays
2014[Apr]; 36
(4
): 346-52
PMID24519896
show ga
Methylation of cytosine DNA residues is a well-studied epigenetic modification
with important roles in formation of heterochromatic regions of the genome, and
also in tissue-specific repression of transcription. However, we recently found
that the ciliate Oxytricha uses methylcytosine in a novel DNA elimination pathway
important for programmed genome restructuring. Remarkably, mounting evidence
suggests that methylcytosine can play a dual role in ciliates, repressing gene
expression during some life-stages and directing DNA elimination in others. In
this essay, I describe these recent advances in the DNA methylation field and
discuss whether this unexpected novel role for methylcytosine in DNA elimination
might be more widely conserved in eukaryotic biology, particularly in apoptotic
pathways.