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2014 ; 107
(5
): 1205-1216
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Tethered fluorophore motion: studying large DNA conformational changes by
single-fluorophore imaging
#MMPMID25185556
May PFJ
; Pinkney JNM
; Zawadzki P
; Evans GW
; Sherratt DJ
; Kapanidis AN
Biophys J
2014[Sep]; 107
(5
): 1205-1216
PMID25185556
show ga
We have previously introduced tethered fluorophore motion (TFM), a
single-molecule fluorescence technique that monitors the effective length of a
biopolymer such as DNA. TFM uses the same principles as tethered particle motion
(TPM) but employs a single fluorophore in place of the bead, allowing TFM to be
combined with existing fluorescence techniques on a standard fluorescence
microscope. TFM has been previously been used to reveal the mechanism of two
site-specific recombinase systems, Cre-loxP and XerCD-dif. In this work, we
characterize TFM, focusing on the theoretical basis and potential applications of
the technique. Since TFM is limited in observation time and photon count by
photobleaching, we present a description of the sources of noise in TFM.
Comparing this with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data, we show that
length changes of 100 bp of double-stranded DNA are readily distinguishable using
TFM, making it comparable with TPM. We also show that the commonly recommended
pixel size for single-molecule fluorescence approximately optimizes signal to
noise for TFM experiments, thus enabling facile combination of TFM with other
fluorescence techniques, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Finally, we apply TFM to determine the polymerization rate of the Klenow fragment
of DNA polymerase I, and we demonstrate its combination with FRET to observe
synapsis formation by Cre using excitation by a single laser. We hope that TFM
will be a useful addition to the single-molecule toolkit, providing excellent
insight into protein-nucleic acid interactions.