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2014 ; 350
(3
): 635-45
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Clinically relevant doses of candesartan inhibit growth of prostate tumor
xenografts in vivo through modulation of tumor angiogenesis
#MMPMID24990940
Alhusban A
; Al-Azayzih A
; Goc A
; Gao F
; Fagan SC
; Somanath PR
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
2014[Sep]; 350
(3
): 635-45
PMID24990940
show ga
Angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (ARBs), widely used antihypertensive
drugs, have also been investigated for their anticancer effects. The effect of
ARBs on prostate cancer in experimental models compared with meta-analysis data
from clinical trials is conflicting. Whereas this discrepancy might be due to the
use of supratherapeutic doses of ARBs in cellular and animal models as compared
with the clinical doses used in human trials, further investigation of the
effects of clinical doses of ARBs on prostate cancer in experimental models is
warranted. In the current study, we sought to determine the effects of
candesartan on prostate cancer cellular function in vitro and tumor growth in
vivo, and characterize the underlying mechanisms. Our analysis indicated that
clinically relevant doses of candesartan significantly inhibited growth of PC3
cell tumor xenografts in mice. Interestingly, the same concentrations of
candesartan actually promoted prostate cancer cellular function in vitro, through
a modest but significant inhibition in apoptosis. Inhibition of tumor growth by
candesartan was associated with a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) expression in tumors and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, but
normalization of tumor vasculature. Although candesartan did not impair PC3 cell
viability, it inhibited endothelial-barrier disruption by tumor-derived factors.
Furthermore, candesartan significantly inhibited expression of VEGF in PC3 and
DU145 cell lines independent of angiotensin II type 2 receptor, but potentially
via angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition. Our findings clearly demonstrate
the therapeutic potential of candesartan for prostate cancer and establish a link
between ARBs, VEGF expression, and prostate tumor angiogenesis.