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2014 ; 9
(9
): 1611-9
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Complement mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-?-associated atypical hemolytic
uremic syndrome
#MMPMID25135762
Sánchez Chinchilla D
; Pinto S
; Hoppe B
; Adragna M
; Lopez L
; Justa Roldan ML
; Peña A
; Lopez Trascasa M
; Sánchez-Corral P
; Rodríguez de Córdoba S
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
2014[Sep]; 9
(9
): 1611-9
PMID25135762
show ga
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by
vascular endothelial damage caused by complement dysregulation. Consistently,
complement inhibition therapies are highly effective in most patients with
atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Recently, it was shown that a significant
percentage of patients with early-onset atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome carry
mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-?, an intracellular protein with no obvious
role in complement. These data support an alternative, complement-independent
mechanism leading to thrombotic microangiopathy that has implications for
treatment of early-onset atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. To get additional
insights into this new form of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, the
diacylglycerol kinase-? gene in a cohort with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
was analyzed. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Eighty-three
patients with early-onset atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (<2 years) enrolled
in the Spanish atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome registry between 1999 and 2013
were screened for mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-?. These patients were also
fully characterized for mutations in the genes encoding factor H, membrane
cofactor protein, factor I, C3, factor B, and thrombomodulin CFHRs copy number
variations and rearrangements, and antifactor H antibodies. RESULTS: Four
patients carried mutations in diacylglycerol kinase-?, one p.H536Qfs*16
homozygote and three compound heterozygotes (p.W322*/p.P498R, two patients;
p.Q248H/p.G484Gfs*10, one patient). Three patients also carried heterozygous
mutations in thrombomodulin or C3. Extensive plasma infusions controlled atypical
hemolytic uremic syndrome recurrences and prevented renal failure in the two
patients with diacylglycerol kinase-? and thrombomodulin mutations. A positive
response to plasma infusions and complement inhibition treatment was also
observed in the patient with concurrent diacylglycerol kinase-? and C3 mutations.
CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that complement dysregulation influences the onset and
disease severity in carriers of diacylglycerol kinase-? mutations and that
treatments on the basis of plasma infusions and complement inhibition are
potentially useful in patients with combined diacylglycerol kinase-? and
complement mutations. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic component
predisposing to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is, therefore, critical to
guide an effective treatment.