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2014 ; 158
(1-3
): 105-12
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Emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and psychotic
bipolar disorder: Findings from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate
Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study
#MMPMID25052782
Ruocco AC
; Reilly JL
; Rubin LH
; Daros AR
; Gershon ES
; Tamminga CA
; Pearlson GD
; Hill SK
; Keshavan MS
; Gur RC
; Sweeney JA
Schizophr Res
2014[Sep]; 158
(1-3
): 105-12
PMID25052782
show ga
BACKGROUND: Difficulty recognizing facial emotions is an important
social-cognitive deficit associated with psychotic disorders. It also may reflect
a familial risk for psychosis in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and bipolar
disorder. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia
Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium were to: 1) compare
emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and
bipolar disorder with psychosis, 2) determine the familiality of emotion
recognition deficits across these disorders, and 3) evaluate emotion recognition
deficits in nonpsychotic relatives with and without elevated Cluster A and
Cluster B personality disorder traits. METHOD: Participants included probands
with schizophrenia (n=297), schizoaffective disorder (depressed type, n=61;
bipolar type, n=69), bipolar disorder with psychosis (n=248), their first-degree
relatives (n=332, n=69, n=154, and n=286, respectively) and healthy controls
(n=380). All participants completed the Penn Emotion Recognition Test, a
standardized measure of facial emotion recognition assessing four basic emotions
(happiness, sadness, anger and fear) and neutral expressions (no emotion).
RESULTS: Compared to controls, emotion recognition deficits among probands
increased progressively from bipolar disorder to schizoaffective disorder to
schizophrenia. Proband and relative groups showed similar deficits perceiving
angry and neutral faces, whereas deficits on fearful, happy and sad faces were
primarily isolated to schizophrenia probands. Even non-psychotic relatives
without elevated Cluster A or Cluster B personality disorder traits showed
deficits on neutral and angry faces. Emotion recognition ability was moderately
familial only in schizophrenia families. CONCLUSIONS: Emotion recognition
deficits are prominent but somewhat different across psychotic disorders. These
deficits are reflected to a lesser extent in relatives, particularly on angry and
neutral faces. Deficits were evident in non-psychotic relatives even without
elevated personality disorder traits. Deficits in facial emotion recognition may
reflect an important social-cognitive deficit in patients with psychotic
disorders.