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Molecular epidemiology and clinical features of human T cell lymphotropic virus
type 1 infection in Spain
#MMPMID24924996
Treviño A
; Alcantara LC Jr
; Benito R
; Caballero E
; Aguilera A
; Ramos JM
; de Mendoza C
; Rodríguez C
; García J
; Rodríguez-Iglesias M
; Ortiz de Lejarazu R
; Roc L
; Parra P
; Eiros J
; del Romero J
; Soriano V
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2014[Sep]; 30
(9
): 856-62
PMID24924996
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Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection in Spain is rare and
mainly affects immigrants from endemic regions and native Spaniards with a prior
history of sexual intercourse with persons from endemic countries. Herein, we
report the main clinical and virological features of cases reported in Spain. All
individuals with HTLV-1 infection recorded at the national registry since 1989
were examined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the long terminal
repeat (LTR) region. A total of 229 HTLV-1 cases had been reported up to December
2012. The mean age was 41 years old and 61% were female. Their country of origin
was Latin America in 59%, Africa in 15%, and Spain in 20%. Transmission had
occurred following sexual contact in 41%, parenteral exposure in 12%, and
vertically in 9%. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
(HAM/TSP) was diagnosed in 27 cases and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in
17 subjects. HTLV-1 subtype could be obtained for 45 patients; all but one
belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype a. One Nigerian pregnant woman harbored
HTLV-1 subtype b. Within the Cosmopolitan subtype a, two individuals (from
Bolivia and Peru, respectively) belonged to the Japanese subgroup B, another two
(from Senegal and Mauritania) to the North African subgroup D, and 39 to the
Transcontinental subgroup A. Of note, one divergent HTLV-1 strain from an
Ethiopian branched off from all five known Cosmopolitan subtype 1a subgroups.
Divergent HTLV-1 strains have been introduced and currently circulate in Spain.
The relatively large proportion of symptomatic cases (19%) suggests that HTLV-1
infection is underdiagnosed in Spain.
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