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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cell 2014 ; 157 (6): 1380-92 Nephropedia Template TP
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Bromine is an essential trace element for assembly of collagen IV scaffolds in tissue development and architecture #MMPMID24906154
Cell 2014[Jun]; 157 (6): 1380-92 PMID24906154show ga
Bromine is ubiquitously present in animals as ionic bromide (Br?) yet has no known essential function. Herein, we demonstrate that Br? is a required cofactor for peroxidasin-catalyzed formation of sulfilimine crosslinks, a post-translational modification essential for tissue development and architecture found within the collagen IV scaffold of basement membranes (BMs). Bromide, converted to hypobromous acid, forms a bromosulfonium-ion intermediate that energetically selects for sulfilimine formation. Dietary Br-deficiency is lethal in Drosophila while Br-replenishment restores viability, demonstrating its physiologic requirement. Importantly, Br-deficient flies phenocopy the developmental and BM defects observed in peroxidasin mutants and indicate a functional connection between Br?, collagen IV, and peroxidasin. We establish that Br? is required for sulfilimine formation within collagen IV, an event critical for BM assembly and tissue development. Thus, bromine is an essential trace element for all animals and its deficiency may be relevant to BM alterations observed in nutritional and smoking related disease.