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2014 ; 43
(19
): 6750-64
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Disordered amyloidogenic peptides may insert into the membrane and assemble into
common cyclic structural motifs
#MMPMID24566672
Jang H
; Arce FT
; Ramachandran S
; Kagan BL
; Lal R
; Nussinov R
Chem Soc Rev
2014[Oct]; 43
(19
): 6750-64
PMID24566672
show ga
Aggregation of disordered amyloidogenic peptides into oligomers is the causative
agent of amyloid-related diseases. In solution, disordered protein states are
characterized by heterogeneous ensembles. Among these, ?-rich conformers
self-assemble via a conformational selection mechanism to form
energetically-favored cross-? structures, regardless of their precise sequences.
These disordered peptides can also penetrate the membrane, and
electrophysiological data indicate that they form ion-conducting channels. Based
on these and additional data, including imaging and molecular dynamics
simulations of a range of amyloid peptides, Alzheimer's amyloid-? (A?) peptide,
its disease-related variants with point mutations and N-terminal truncated
species, other amyloidogenic peptides, as well as a cytolytic peptide and a
synthetic gel-forming peptide, we suggest that disordered amyloidogenic peptides
can also present a common motif in the membrane. The motif consists of curved,
moon-like ?-rich oligomers associated into annular organizations. The motif is
favored in the lipid bilayer since it permits hydrophobic side chains to face and
interact with the membrane and the charged/polar residues to face the solvated
channel pores. Such channels are toxic since their pores allow uncontrolled
leakage of ions into/out of the cell, destabilizing cellular ionic homeostasis.
Here we detail A?, whose aggregation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)
and for which there are the most abundant data. AD is a protein misfolding
disease characterized by a build-up of A? peptide as senile plaques,
neurodegeneration, and memory loss. Excessively produced A? peptides may directly
induce cellular toxicity, even without the involvement of membrane receptors
through A? peptide-plasma membrane interactions.