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2014 ; 369
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An evolving view of epigenetic complexity in the brain
#MMPMID25135967
Qureshi IA
; Mehler MF
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2014[Sep]; 369
(1652
): ä PMID25135967
show ga
Recent scientific advances have revolutionized our understanding of classical
epigenetic mechanisms and the broader landscape of molecular interactions and
cellular functions that are inextricably linked to these processes. Our current
view of epigenetics includes an increasing appreciation for the dynamic nature of
DNA methylation, active mechanisms for DNA demethylation, differential functions
of 5-methylcytosine and its oxidized derivatives, the intricate regulatory logic
of histone post-translational modifications, the incorporation of histone
variants into chromatin, nucleosome occupancy and dynamics, and direct links
between cellular signalling pathways and the actions of chromatin 'reader',
'writer' and 'eraser' molecules. We also have an increasing awareness of the
seemingly ubiquitous roles played by diverse classes of selectively expressed
non-coding RNAs in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational and
local and higher order chromatin modulatory processes. These perspectives are
still evolving with novel insights continuing to emerge rapidly (e.g. those
related to epigenetic regulation of mobile genetic elements, epigenetic
mechanisms in mitochondria, roles in nuclear architecture and 'RNA epigenetics').
The precise functions of these epigenetic factors/phenomena are largely unknown.
However, it is unequivocal that they serve as key mediators of brain complexity
and flexibility, including neural development and aging, cellular
differentiation, homeostasis, stress responses, and synaptic and neural network
connectivity and plasticity.
|Brain/*physiology
[MESH]
|Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/*physiology
[MESH]
free
free
free
