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2014 ; 193
(5
): 2427-37
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Rapid remodeling of tight junctions during paracellular diapedesis in a human
model of the blood-brain barrier
#MMPMID25063869
Winger RC
; Koblinski JE
; Kanda T
; Ransohoff RM
; Muller WA
J Immunol
2014[Sep]; 193
(5
): 2427-37
PMID25063869
show ga
Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM; diapedesis) is a critical event in
immune surveillance and inflammation. Most TEM occurs at endothelial cell borders
(paracellular). However, there is indirect evidence to suggest that, at the tight
junctions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leukocytes migrate directly through
the endothelial cell body (transcellular). Why leukocytes migrate through the
endothelial cell body rather than the cell borders is unknown. To test the
hypothesis that the tightness of endothelial cell junctions influences the
pathway of diapedesis, we developed an in vitro model of the BBB that possessed
10-fold higher electrical resistance than standard culture conditions and
strongly expressed the BBB tight junction proteins claudin-5 and claudin-3. We
found that paracellular TEM was still the predominant pathway (?98%) and TEM was
dependent on PECAM-1 and CD99. We show that endothelial tight junctions
expressing claudin-5 are dynamic and undergo rapid remodeling during TEM.
Membrane from the endothelial lateral border recycling compartment is mobilized
to the exact site of tight junction remodeling. This preserves the endothelial
barrier by sealing the intercellular gaps with membrane and engaging the
migrating leukocyte with unligated adhesion molecules (PECAM-1 and CD99) as it
crosses the cell border. These findings provide new insights into
leukocyte-endothelial interactions at the BBB and suggest that tight junctions
are more dynamic than previously appreciated.