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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cell+Signal 2014 ; 26 (6): 1269-82 Nephropedia Template TP
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Implications of Non-Canonical G-protein signaling for the Immune System #MMPMID24583286
Boularan C; Kehrl JH
Cell Signal 2014[Jun]; 26 (6): 1269-82 PMID24583286show ga
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which consist of three subunits ?, ?, and ?, function as molecular switches to control downstream effector molecules activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GTP/GDP binding status of G? transmits information about the ligand binding state of the GPCR to intended signal transduction pathways. In immune cells heterotrimeric G proteins impact signal transduction pathways that directly, or indirectly, regulate cell migration, activation, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The cells of the innate and adaptive immune system abundantly express chemoattractant receptors and lesser amounts of many other types of GPCRs. But heterotrimeric G-proteins not only function in classical GPCR signaling, but also in non-canonical signaling. In these pathways the guanine exchange factor (GEF) exerted by a GPCR in the canonical pathway is replaced or supplemented by another protein such as Ric-8A. In addition, other proteins such as AGS3-6 can compete with G?? for binding to GDP bound G?. This competition can promote G?? signaling by freeing G?? from rapidly rebinding GDP bound G?. The proteins that participate in these non-canonical signaling pathways will be briefly described and their role, or potential one, in cells of the immune system will be highlighted