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Understanding the biology of melanoma and therapeutic implications #MMPMID24880940
Sullivan RJ; Fisher DE
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014[Jun]; 28 (3): 437-53 PMID24880940show ga
From 1976 ? 2010, the US FDA approved only two medications for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, dacarbazine and high-dose interleukin 2. Between 2011?13, four agents were approved (ipilimumab, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib) and other therapies have shown great promise in clinical trials. This startling progress has been made possible by the groundbreaking efforts of basic scientists and the vision and innovation of translational and clinical investigators. Fundamental discoveries such as the identification of oncogenic mutations in the majority melanomas, the elucidation of the molecular signaling resultant from these mutations, and the revelation that a number of cell surface molecules serve as regulators of immune activation, have all been instrumental to this progress. This chapter provides a summary of the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma by reviewing the relevant melanocyte biology and molecular signaling used by melanoma, describes the current efforts to target oncogene driven signaling, and presents the rationale for combining immune and molecular targeting.