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2014 ; 369
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How do cilia organize signalling cascades?
#MMPMID25047619
Nachury MV
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2014[Sep]; 369
(1650
): ä PMID25047619
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Cilia and flagella are closely related centriole-nucleated protrusions of the
cell with roles in motility and signal transduction. Two of the best-studied
signalling pathways organized by cilia are the transduction cascade for the
morphogen Hedgehog in vertebrates and the mating pathway that initiates gamete
fusion in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. What is the role
of cilia in these signalling transduction cascades? In both Hedgehog and mating
pathways, all signalling intermediates have been found to localize to cilia, and,
for some signalling factors, ciliary localization is regulated by pathway
activation. Given a concentration factor of three orders of magnitude provided by
translocating a protein into the cilium, the compartment model proposes that
cilia act as miniaturized reaction tubes bringing signalling factors and
processing enzymes in close proximity. On the other hand, the scaffolding model
views the intraflagellar transport machinery, whose primary function is to build
cilia and flagella, as a molecular scaffold for the mating transduction cascade
at the flagellar membrane. While these models may coexist, it is hoped that a
precise understanding of the mechanisms that govern signalling inside cilia will
provide a satisfying answer to the question 'how do cilia organize signalling?'.
This review covers the evidence supporting each model of signalling and outlines
future directions that may address which model applies in given biological
settings.
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