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2014 ; 38
(ä): 105-16
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Hippocampal granule cell pathology in epilepsy - a possible structural basis for
comorbidities of epilepsy?
#MMPMID24468242
Hester MS
; Danzer SC
Epilepsy Behav
2014[Sep]; 38
(ä): 105-16
PMID24468242
show ga
Temporal lobe epilepsy in both animals and humans is characterized by abnormally
integrated hippocampal dentate granule cells. Among other abnormalities, these
cells make axonal connections with inappropriate targets, grow dendrites in the
wrong direction, and migrate to ectopic locations. These changes promote the
formation of recurrent excitatory circuits, leading to the appealing hypothesis
that these abnormal cells may by epileptogenic. While this hypothesis has been
the subject of intense study, less attention has been paid to the possibility
that abnormal granule cells in the epileptic brain may also contribute to
comorbidities associated with the disease. Epilepsy is associated with a variety
of general findings, such as memory disturbances and cognitive dysfunction, and
is often comorbid with a number of other conditions, including schizophrenia and
autism. Interestingly, recent studies implicate disruption of common genes and
gene pathways in all three diseases. Moreover, while neuropsychiatric conditions
are associated with changes in a variety of brain regions, granule cell
abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy appear to be phenocopies of granule cell
deficits produced by genetic mouse models of autism and schizophrenia, suggesting
that granule cell dysmorphogenesis may be a common factor uniting these seemingly
diverse diseases. Disruption of common signaling pathways regulating granule cell
neurogenesis may begin to provide mechanistic insight into the cooccurrence of
temporal lobe epilepsy and cognitive and behavioral disorders.