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2014 ; 147
(2
): 303-13
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Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as signaling molecules in the
gastrointestinal tract
#MMPMID24798417
Farrugia G
; Szurszewski JH
Gastroenterology
2014[Aug]; 147
(2
): 303-13
PMID24798417
show ga
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) used to be thought of simply as
lethal and (for H2S) smelly gaseous molecules; now they are known to have
important signaling functions in the gastrointestinal tract. CO and H2S, which
are produced in the gastrointestinal tract by different enzymes, regulate smooth
muscle membrane potential and tone, transmit signals from enteric nerves, and can
regulate the immune system. The pathways that produce nitric oxide, H2S, and CO
interact; each can inhibit and potentiate the level and activity of the other.
However, there are significant differences between these molecules, such as in
half-lives; CO is more stable and therefore able to have effects distal to the
site of production, whereas nitric oxide and H2S are short lived and act only
close to sites of production. We review their signaling functions in the luminal
gastrointestinal tract and discuss how their pathways interact. We also describe
other physiological functions of CO and H2S and how they might be used as
therapeutic agents.
|*Signal Transduction/drug effects
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Carbon Monoxide/*metabolism/therapeutic use
[MESH]