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10.1111/mmi.12640 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/mmi.12640 C4104294!4104294!24806524     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Mol+Microbiol 2014 ; 93 (1): 1-9 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=24806524|t=2014. Adapting to new threats: the generation of memory by CRISPR-Cas immune systems |pdf=|usr=}}{{24806524}} gab.com Text Adapting to new threats: the generation of memory by CRISPR-Cas immune systems JO: Mol Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24806524 #FOAvip Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci and their associated genes (cas) confer bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against phages and other invading genetic elements. A fundamental requirement of any immune system is the ability to build a memory of past infections in order to deal more efficiently with recurrent infections. The adaptive feature of CRISPR-Cas immune systems relies on their ability to memorize DNA sequences of invading molecules and integrate them in between the repetitive sequences of the CRISPR array in the form of ?spacers?. The transcription of a spacer generates a small antisense RNA that is used by RNA-guided Cas nucleases to cleave the invading nucleic acid in order to protect the cell from infection. The acquisition of new spacers allows the CRISPR-Cas immune system to rapidly adapt against new threats and is therefore termed ?adaptation?. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the genetic requirements for adaptation and have demonstrated that rather than being a stochastic process, the selection of new spacers is influenced by several factors. We review here our current knowledge of the CRISPR adaptation mechanism. Twit Text FOAVip Adapting to new threats: the generation of memory by CRISPR-Cas immune systems ????Mol Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24806524 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24806524 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24806524}}</ref> Adapting to new threats: the generation of memory by CRISPR-Cas immune systems #MMPMID24806524 Heler R; Marraffini LA; Bikard D Mol Microbiol 2014[Jul]; 93 (1): 1-9 PMID24806524show ga Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci and their associated genes (cas) confer bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against phages and other invading genetic elements. A fundamental requirement of any immune system is the ability to build a memory of past infections in order to deal more efficiently with recurrent infections. The adaptive feature of CRISPR-Cas immune systems relies on their ability to memorize DNA sequences of invading molecules and integrate them in between the repetitive sequences of the CRISPR array in the form of ?spacers?. The transcription of a spacer generates a small antisense RNA that is used by RNA-guided Cas nucleases to cleave the invading nucleic acid in order to protect the cell from infection. The acquisition of new spacers allows the CRISPR-Cas immune system to rapidly adapt against new threats and is therefore termed ?adaptation?. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the genetic requirements for adaptation and have demonstrated that rather than being a stochastic process, the selection of new spacers is influenced by several factors. We review here our current knowledge of the CRISPR adaptation mechanism. äAdapting to new threats: the generation of memory by CRISPR-Cas immune(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing