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2014 ; 60
(2
): 576-87
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Inactivation of Wnt signaling by a human antibody that recognizes the heparan
sulfate chains of glypican-3 for liver cancer therapy
#MMPMID24492943
Gao W
; Kim H
; Feng M
; Phung Y
; Xavier CP
; Rubin JS
; Ho M
Hepatology
2014[Aug]; 60
(2
): 576-87
PMID24492943
show ga
Wnt signaling is important for cancer pathogenesis and is often up-regulated in
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) function as
coreceptors or modulators of Wnt activation. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an HSPG that is
highly expressed in HCC, where it can attract Wnt proteins to the cell surface
and promote cell proliferation. Thus, GPC3 has emerged as a candidate therapeutic
target in liver cancer. While monoclonal antibodies to GPC3 are currently being
evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies, none have shown an effect on Wnt
signaling. Here, we first document the expression of Wnt3a, multiple Wnt
receptors, and GPC3 in several HCC cell lines, and demonstrate that GPC3 enhanced
the activity of Wnt3a/?-catenin signaling in these cells. Then we report the
identification of HS20, a human monoclonal antibody against GPC3, which
preferentially recognized the heparan sulfate chains of GPC3, both the sulfated
and nonsulfated portions. HS20 disrupted the interaction of Wnt3a and GPC3 and
blocked Wnt3a/?-catenin signaling. Moreover, HS20 inhibited Wnt3a-dependent cell
proliferation in vitro and HCC xenograft growth in nude mice. In addition, HS20
had no detectable undesired toxicity in mice. Taken together, our results show
that a monoclonal antibody primarily targeting the heparin sulfate chains of GPC3
inhibited Wnt/?-catenin signaling in HCC cells and had potent antitumor activity
in vivo. CONCLUSION: An antibody directed against the heparan sulfate of a
proteoglycan shows efficacy in blocking Wnt signaling and HCC growth, suggesting
a novel strategy for liver cancer therapy.