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2014 ; 20
(7
): 570-7
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The use of optical clearing and multiphoton microscopy for investigation of
three-dimensional tissue-engineered constructs
#MMPMID24251630
Calle EA
; Vesuna S
; Dimitrievska S
; Zhou K
; Huang A
; Zhao L
; Niklason LE
; Levene MJ
Tissue Eng Part C Methods
2014[Jul]; 20
(7
): 570-7
PMID24251630
show ga
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering have concomitantly
generated a need for new methods to visualize and assess the tissue. In
particular, methods for imaging intact volumes of whole tissue, rather than a
single plane, are required. Herein, we describe the use of multiphoton
microscopy, combined with optical clearing, to noninvasively probe decellularized
lung extracellular matrix scaffolds and decellularized, tissue-engineered blood
vessels. We also evaluate recellularized lung tissue scaffolds. In addition to
nondestructive imaging of tissue volumes greater than 4 mm(3), the lung tissue
can be visualized using three distinct signals, combined or singly, that allow
for simple separation of cells and different components of the extracellular
matrix. Because the 3D volumes are not reconstructions, they do not require
registration algorithms to generate digital volumes, and maintenance of isotropic
resolution is not required when acquiring stacks of images. Once a virtual volume
of tissue is generated, structures that have innate 3D features, such as the
lumens of vessels and airways, are easily animated and explored in all
dimensions. In blood vessels, individual collagen fibers can be visualized at the
micron scale and their alignment assessed at various depths through the tissue,
potentially providing some nondestructive measure of vessel integrity and
mechanics. Finally, both the lungs and vessels assayed here were optically
cleared, imaged, and visualized in a matter of hours, such that the added
benefits of these techniques can be achieved with little more hassle or
processing time than that associated with traditional histological methods.