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2010 ; 49
(24
): 4977-86
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Straight-chain alkyl isocyanides open the distal histidine gate in crystal
structures of myoglobin
#MMPMID20481504
Smith RD
; Blouin GC
; Johnson KA
; Phillips GN Jr
; Olson JS
Biochemistry
2010[Jun]; 49
(24
): 4977-86
PMID20481504
show ga
Crystal structures of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl isocyanide bound to sperm
whale myoglobin (Mb) reveal two major conformations. In the in conformer, His(E7)
is in a "closed" position, forcing the ligand alkyl chain to point inward. In the
out conformer, His(E7) is in an "open" position, allowing the ligand side chain
to point outward. A progressive increase in the population of the out conformer
is observed with increasing ligand length in P2(1) crystals of native Mb at pH
7.0. This switch from in to out with increasing ligand size also occurs in
solution as measured by the decrease in the relative intensity of the
low-frequency ( approximately 2075 cm(-1)) versus high-frequency ( approximately
2125 cm(-1)) isocyano bands. In contrast, all four isocyanides in P6 crystals of
wild-type recombinant Mb occupy the in conformation. However, mutating either
His64 to Ala, creating a "hole" to solvent, or Phe46 to Val, freeing rotation of
His64, causes bound butyl isocyanide to point completely outward in P6 crystals.
Thus, the unfavorable hindrance caused with crowding a large alkyl side chain
into the distal pocket appears to be roughly equal to that for pushing open the
His(E7) gate and is easily affected by crystal packing. This structural
conclusion supports the "side path" kinetic mechanism for O(2) release, in which
the dissociated ligand first moves toward the protein interior and then
encounters steric resistance, which is roughly equal to that for escaping to
solvent through the His(E7) channel.