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2014 ; 8
(4
): ZC14-7
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Evaluation of myofibroblasts by expression of alpha smooth muscle actin: a marker
in fibrosis, dysplasia and carcinoma
#MMPMID24959509
Rao K B
; Malathi N
; Narashiman S
; Rajan ST
J Clin Diagn Res
2014[Apr]; 8
(4
): ZC14-7
PMID24959509
show ga
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of Myofibroblasts by studying expression of Alpha smooth
muscle actin: A marker of Fibrosis, Dysplasia and Carcinoma. BACKGROUND:
Myofibroblasts are cells that have contractile properties and are involved in
inflammation, wound healing, fibrosis and oncogenesis in most of the organs and
tissues. They are involved in healing and granulation tissue formation which
occur after tissue injuries, also produce inflammatory mediators, growth factors
and help in extracellular matrix reorganization by secretion of proteins like
collagen, fibronectin, etc. Because of their component, Alpha smooth muscle actin
([alpha]-SMA), they are involved in the contraction of extracellular matrix and
aid in tissue contraction. The myofibroblasts disappear by apoptosis after
completion of repair, but their persistence causes a dysfunction in the repair
mechanism, leading to excessive contraction and extracellular matrix (ECM)
secretion and thus, fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
presence of myofibroblasts in cases of Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF), which
consisted of very early, early and moderately advanced OSMF, OSMF with dysplasia
and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), by detecting (alpha)-SMA, which is a
specific marker for myofibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample
consisted of three groups which comprised of 41 cases of OSMF, 10 cases of OSMF
with dysplasia and 11 cases of OSCC. All the cases were subjected to
immunohistochemistry by using (alpha)-SMA antibody for detection of
myofibroblasts. RESULTS: The presence of myofibroblasts was significantly higher
in oral squamous cell carcinomas as compared to that in OSMF with dysplasia and
OSMF. A statistical significance was also noted between the staining index and
age of the individuals and the staining index and duration of the habit.
CONCLUSION: Myofibroblasts play a role in fibrosis, as was seen in OSMF.
Activated myofibroblasts secrete proteolytic enzymes and cause matrix
degradation, which is instrumental in cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Further studies in which the myofibroblasts are targetted, may help in providing
therapeutic regimens in fibrosis, dysplasia and cancer.