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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Angiogenesis
2014 ; 17
(3
): 541-51
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Sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in postpneumonectomy lung growth:
mechanisms of alveolar neovascularization
#MMPMID24150281
Ackermann M
; Houdek JP
; Gibney BC
; Ysasi A
; Wagner W
; Belle J
; Schittny JC
; Enzmann F
; Tsuda A
; Mentzer SJ
; Konerding MA
Angiogenesis
2014[Jul]; 17
(3
): 541-51
PMID24150281
show ga
In most rodents and some other mammals, the removal of one lung results in
compensatory growth associated with dramatic angiogenesis and complete
restoration of lung capacity. One pivotal mechanism in neoalveolarization is
neovascularization, because without angiogenesis new alveoli can not be formed.
The aim of this study is to image and analyze three-dimensionally the different
patterns of neovascularization seen following pneumonectomy in mice on a
sub-micron-scale. C57/BL6 mice underwent a left-sided pneumonectomy. Lungs were
harvested at various timepoints after pneumonectomy. Volume analysis by microCT
revealed a striking increase of 143 percent in the cardiac lobe 14 days after
pneumonectomy. Analysis of microvascular corrosion casting demonstrated spatially
heterogenous vascular densitities which were in line with the perivascular and
subpleural compensatory growth pattern observed in anti-PCNA-stained lung
sections. Within these regions an expansion of the vascular plexus with increased
pillar formations and sprouting angiogenesis, originating both from pre-existing
bronchial and pulmonary vessels was observed. Also, type II pneumocytes and
alveolar macrophages were seen to participate actively in alveolar
neo-angiogenesis after pneumonectomy. 3D-visualizations obtained by
high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy showed the
appearance of double-layered vessels and bud-like alveolar baskets as have
already been described in normal lung development. Scanning electron microscopy
data of microvascular architecture also revealed a replication of perialveolar
vessel networks through septum formation as already seen in developmental
alveolarization. In addition, the appearance of pillar formations and
duplications on alveolar entrance ring vessels in mature alveoli are indicative
of vascular remodeling. These findings indicate that sprouting and
intussusceptive angiogenesis are pivotal mechanisms in adult lung alveolarization
after pneumonectomy. Various forms of developmental neoalveolarization may also
be considered to contribute in compensatory lung regeneration.