Adverse childhood experiences are associated with detrimental hemodynamics and
elevated circulating endothelin-1 in adolescents and young adults
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Su S
; Wang X
; Kapuku GK
; Treiber FA
; Pollock DM
; Harshfield GA
; McCall WV
; Pollock JS
Hypertension
2014[Jul]; 64
(1
): 201-7
PMID24777980
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Growing evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the
risks for coronary heart disease and hypertension in mid and late adulthood. We
previously reported that early life stress induces a hyperreactive
endothelin-dependent cardiovascular phenotype in a rat model. In the present
study, we evaluated whether exposure to ACEs is associated with greater
peripheral resistance, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, or elevated
circulating endothelin-1 levels in humans. In 221 healthy adolescents and young
adults (mean age, 21 years; range, 13-29 years), we found a graded association of
ACE exposure with plasma endothelin-1 levels, of which on average 18% and 24%
were higher in participants with 1 ACE and ?2 ACEs, respectively, compared with
those with no ACEs (P=0.001). Participants with moderate/severe exposure to ACEs
(?2 ACEs) had significantly higher total peripheral resistance index (+12%),
diastolic blood pressure (+5%), and pulse wave velocity (+9%) compared with those
who were not exposed. These associations were independent of age, race, sex, body
mass index, and childhood socioeconomic status. Our results indicate that early
life stress promotes cardiovascular disease risk, specifically detrimental
vascular and cardiac function, detectable in young adulthood.
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