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2014 ; 2014
(ä): 340216
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Gla-rich protein is a potential new vitamin K target in cancer: evidences for a
direct GRP-mineral interaction
#MMPMID24949434
Viegas CS
; Herfs M
; Rafael MS
; Enriquez JL
; Teixeira A
; Luís IM
; van 't Hoofd CM
; João A
; Maria VL
; Cavaco S
; Ferreira A
; Serra M
; Theuwissen E
; Vermeer C
; Simes DC
Biomed Res Int
2014[]; 2014
(ä): 340216
PMID24949434
show ga
Gla-rich protein (GRP) was described in sturgeon as a new vitamin-K-dependent
protein (VKDP) with a high density of Gla residues and associated with ectopic
calcifications in humans. Although VKDPs function has been related with
?-carboxylation, the Gla status of GRP in humans is still unknown. Here, we
investigated the expression of recently identified GRP spliced transcripts, the
?-carboxylation status, and its association with ectopic calcifications, in skin
basal cell and breast carcinomas. GRP-F1 was identified as the predominant splice
variant expressed in healthy and cancer tissues. Patterns of ?-carboxylated GRP
(cGRP)/undercarboxylated GRP (ucGRP) accumulation in healthy and cancer tissues
were determined by immunohistochemistry, using newly developed
conformation-specific antibodies. Both GRP protein forms were found colocalized
in healthy tissues, while ucGRP was the predominant form associated with tumor
cells. Both cGRP and ucGRP found at sites of microcalcifications were shown to
have in vitro calcium mineral-binding capacity. The decreased levels of cGRP and
predominance of ucGRP in tumor cells suggest that GRP may represent a new target
for the anticancer potential of vitamin K. Also, the direct interaction of cGRP
and ucGRP with BCP crystals provides a possible mechanism explaining GRP
association with pathological mineralization.