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2014 ; 35
(6
): 1301-9
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Estrogen receptor ? in cancer-associated fibroblasts suppresses prostate cancer
invasion via modulation of thrombospondin 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 3
#MMPMID24374826
Slavin S
; Yeh CR
; Da J
; Yu S
; Miyamoto H
; Messing EM
; Guancial E
; Yeh S
Carcinogenesis
2014[Jun]; 35
(6
): 1301-9
PMID24374826
show ga
The prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment contains active stromal cells known as
cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that may play important roles in influencing
tumor progression. Here we studied the role of CAF estrogen receptor alpha (ER?)
and found that it could protect against PCa invasion. Immunohistochemistry on
prostatectomy specimens showed that PCa patients with ER?-positive stroma had a
significantly lower risk for biochemical recurrence. In vitro invasion assays
further confirmed that the stromal ER? was able to reduce PCa cell invasion.
Dissection of the molecular mechanism revealed that the CAF ER? could function
through a CAF-epithelial interaction via selectively upregulating thrombospondin
2 (Thbs2) and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) at the protein and
messenger RNA levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further showed that
ER? could bind to an estrogen response element on the promoter of Thbs2.
Importantly, knockdown of Thbs2 led to increased MMP3 expression and interruption
of the ER? mediated invasion suppression, providing further evidence of an
ER?-Thbs2-MMP3 axis in CAF. In vivo studies using athymic nude mice injected with
CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) PCa epithelial cells and CAF cells ± ER? also confirmed that
mice coimplanted with PCa cells and CAF ER?+ cells had less tumor foci in the
pelvic lymph nodes, less metastases, and tumors showed less angiogenesis, MMP3,
and MMP9 (an MMP3 downstream target) positive staining. Together, these data
suggest that CAF ER? could play protective roles in suppressing PCa metastasis.
Our results may lead to developing new and alternative therapeutic approaches to
battle PCa via controlling ER? signaling in CAF.