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2014 ; 10
(2
): 366-73
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A glimpse into the early origins of medieval anatomy through the oldest conserved
human dissection (Western Europe, 13(th) c A D )
#MMPMID24904674
Charlier P
; Huynh-Charlier I
; Poupon J
; Lancelot E
; Campos PF
; Favier D
; Jeannel GF
; Bonati MR
; de la Grandmaison GL
; Hervé C
Arch Med Sci
2014[May]; 10
(2
): 366-73
PMID24904674
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Medieval autopsy practice is very poorly known in Western Europe,
due to a lack of both descriptive medico-surgical texts and conserved dissected
human remains. This period is currently considered the dark ages according to a
common belief of systematic opposition of Christian religious authorities to the
opening of human cadavers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The identification in a private
collection of an autopsied human individual dated from the 13(th) century A.D. is
an opportunity for better knowledge of such practice in this chrono-cultural
context, i.e. the early origins of occidental dissections. A complete forensic
anthropological procedure was carried out, completed by radiological and
elemental analyses. RESULTS: The complete procedure of this body opening and
internal organs exploration is explained, and compared with historical data about
forensic and anatomical autopsies from this period. During the analysis, a red
substance filling all arterial cavities, made of mercury sulfide (cinnabar) mixed
with vegetal oil (oleic and palmitic acids) was identified; it was presumably
used to highlight vascularization by coloring in red such vessels, and help in
the preservation of the body. CONCLUSIONS: Of particular interest for the
description of early medical and anatomical knowledge, this "human preparation"
is the oldest known yet, and is particularly important for the fields of history
of medicine, surgery and anatomical practice.