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Development of optical probes for in vivo imaging of polarized macrophages during foreign body reactions #MMPMID24726956
Baker DW; Zhou J; Tsai YT; Patty KM; Weng H; Tang EN; Nair A; Hu WJ; Tang L
Acta Biomater 2014[Jul]; 10 (7): 2945-55 PMID24726956show ga
Plasticity of macrophages (M?) phenotypes exist in a spectrum from classically activated (M1) cells, to alternatively activated (M2) cells, contributing to both the normal healing of tissues and the pathogenesis of implant failure. Here, folate- and mannose-based optical probes were fabricated to simultaneously determine the degree of M? polarization. In vitro tests show the ability of these probes to specifically target M1 and M2 cells. In an in vivo murine model, they were able to distinguish between M1-dominated inflammatory response to infection and M2-dominated regenerative response to particle implants. Finally, the probes were used to assess the inflammatory/ regenerative property of biomaterial implants. Our results show that these probes can be used to monitor and quantify the dynamic processes of M? polarization and their role in cellular responses in real time.