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2014 ; 5
(1
): e1010
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Nox4 and redox signaling mediate TGF-?-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and
phenotypic switch
#MMPMID24457954
Yan F
; Wang Y
; Wu X
; Peshavariya HM
; Dusting GJ
; Zhang M
; Jiang F
Cell Death Dis
2014[Jan]; 5
(1
): e1010
PMID24457954
show ga
Transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) triggers apoptosis in endothelial cells,
while the mechanisms underlying this action are not entirely understood. Using
genetic and pharmacological tools, we demonstrated that TGF-? induced a moderate
apoptotic response in human cultured endothelial cells, which was dependent upon
upregulation of the Nox4 NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS). In contrast, we showed that ectopic expression of Nox4 via viral vectors
(vNox4) produced an antiapoptotic effect. TGF-? caused ROS-dependent p38
activation, whereas inhibition of p38 blunted TGF-?-induced apoptosis. However,
vNox4, but not TGF-?, activated Akt, and inhibition of Akt attenuated the
antiapoptotic effect of vNox4. Akt activation induced by vNox4 was accompanied by
inactivation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) function and enhanced
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 phosphorylation. Moreover,
we showed that TGF-? enhanced Notch signaling and increased expression of the
arterial marker EphrinB2 in a redox-dependent manner. In summary, our results
suggest that Nox4 and ROS have pivotal roles in mediating TGF-?-induced
endothelial apoptosis and phenotype specification. Redox mechanisms may influence
endothelial cell functions by modulating p38, PTP1B/VEGFR/Akt and Notch signaling
pathways.