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Withaferin A Inhibits Experimental Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in MCF-10A Cells and Suppresses Vimentin Protein Level in Vivo in Breast Tumors #MMPMID24293234
Lee J; Hahm ER; Marcus AI; Singh SV
Mol Carcinog 2015[Jun]; 54 (6): 417-29 PMID24293234show ga
We have shown previously that withaferin A (WA), a bioactive component of the medicinal plant Withania somnifera, inhibits growth of cultured and xenografted human breast cancer cells and prevents breast cancer development and pulmonary metastasis incidence in a transgenic mouse model. The present study was undertaken to determine if the anticancer effect of WA involved inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Experimental EMT induced by exposure of MCF-10A cells to tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?) was partially reversed by treatment with WA but not by its structural analogs withanone or withanolide A. Combined TNF-? and TGF-? treatments conferred partial protection against MCF-10A cell migration inhibition by WA. Inhibition of TNF-? and TGF-?-induced MCF-10A cell migration by WA exposure was modestly attenuated by knockdown of E-cadherin protein. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to WA exhibited sustained (MCF-7) or transient (MDA-MB-231) induction of E-cadherin protein. On the other hand, the level of vimentin protein was increased markedly after 24 h treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with WA. WA-induced apoptosis was not affected by vimentin protein knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Protein level of vimentin was significantly lower in the MDA-MB-231 xenografts as well as in MMTV-neu tumors from WA-treated mice compared with controls. The major conclusions of the present study are that (a) WA treatment inhibits experimental EMT in MCF-10A cells, and (b) mammary cancer growth inhibition by WA administration is associated with suppression of vimentin protein expression in vivo.