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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cell+Mol+Life+Sci 2014 ; 71 (12): 2289-97 Nephropedia Template TP
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The Nuclear ?-H2AX Apoptotic Ring: Implications for Cancers and Autoimmune Diseases #MMPMID24448903
Solier S; Pommier Y
Cell Mol Life Sci 2014[Jun]; 71 (12): 2289-97 PMID24448903show ga
Apoptosis is a fundamental process for metazoan development. It is also relevant to the pathophysiology of immune diseases and cancers, and the outcome of cancer chemotherapies as well as being a target for cancer therapies. Apoptosis involves intrinsic pathways typically initiated by DNA damaging agents and engaging mitochondria, and extrinsic pathways typically initiated by ?death receptors? and their ligands TRAIL and TNF at the cell surface. Recently, we discovered the apoptotic ring, which microscopically looks like a nuclear annular staining early in apoptosis. This ring is in three-dimensional space a thick intranuclear shell consisting of epigenetic modifications including histone H2AX and DNA damage response (DDR) proteins. It excludes the DNA repair factors usually associated with ?-H2AX in the DDR nuclear foci. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the apoptotic ring, and discuss its biological and pathophysiological relevance, as well as its value as potential pharmacodynamic biomarker for anticancer therapies.