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2014 ; 35
(4
): 951-8
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Id2, Id3 and Id4 overcome a Smad7-mediated block in tumorigenesis, generating
TGF-?-independent melanoma
#MMPMID24343358
DiVito KA
; Simbulan-Rosenthal CM
; Chen YS
; Trabosh VA
; Rosenthal DS
Carcinogenesis
2014[Apr]; 35
(4
): 951-8
PMID24343358
show ga
The role for the inhibitors of differentiation (Ids) proteins in melanomagenesis
has been poorly explored. In other cell types, Ids have been shown to contribute
to cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis and, along with a number of
other genes, are direct downstream targets of the transforming growth factor
(TGF)-? pathway. Expression of Smad7, which suppress TGF-? signaling, or
synthetic TGF-? inhibitors, was shown to potently suppress melanomagenesis. We
found that endogenous Id2, Id3 and Id4 expression was elevated in 1205Lu versus
1205Lu cells constitutively expressing Smad7, indicating Ids may play a role in
melanomagenesis. Therefore, the effects of Tet-inducible expression of Id2, Id3
or Id4 along with Smad7 in TGF-?-dependent 1205Lu human melanoma cells were
explored in vitro and in vivo. 1205Lu cells formed subcutaneous tumors in athymic
mice, whereas cells expressing Smad7 failed to form tumors. However, 1205Lu cells
expressing Smad7 along with doxycycline-induced Id2, Id3 or Id4 were able to
overcome the potent tumorigenic block mediated by S7, to varying degrees.
Conversely, Id small interfering RNA knockdown suppressed anchorage-independent
growth of melanoma. Histology of tumors from 1205Lu cells expressing Smad7 + Id4
revealed an average of 31% necrosis, compared with 5.2% in tumors from 1205Lu
with vector only. Downstream, Ids suppressed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors,
and re-upregulated invasion and metastasis-related genes matrix metalloproteinase
2 (MMP2), MMP9, CXCR4 and osteopontin, shown previously to be downregulated in
response to Smad7. This study shows that Id2, Id3 and Id4 are each able to
overcome TGF-? dependence, and establish a role for Ids as key mediators of TGF-?
melanomagenesis.
|Base Sequence
[MESH]
|Cell Line, Tumor
[MESH]
|Cell Proliferation
[MESH]
|DNA Primers
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2/*physiology
[MESH]
|Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/*physiology
[MESH]