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2014 ; 108
(6
): 313-25
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Human diarrhea infections associated with domestic animal husbandry: a systematic
review and meta-analysis
#MMPMID24812065
Zambrano LD
; Levy K
; Menezes NP
; Freeman MC
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
2014[Jun]; 108
(6
): 313-25
PMID24812065
show ga
Domestic animal husbandry, a common practice globally, can lead to zoonotic
transmission of enteric pathogens. However, this risk has received little
attention to date. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the evidence
for an association between domestic exposure to food-producing animals and cases
of human diarrhea and specific enteric infections. We performed a systematic
review of available literature to examine domestic livestock and poultry as risk
factors for diarrhea and applied pre-determined quality criteria. Where possible,
we carried out meta-analysis of specific animal-pathogen pairs. We found
consistent evidence of a positive association between exposure to domestic
food-producing animals and diarrheal illness across a range of animal exposures
and enteric pathogens. Out of 29 studies included in the review, 20 (69.0%)
reported a positive association between domestic animal exposure and diarrhea.
Domestic exposure to poultry revealed a substantial association with human
campylobacteriosis (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.90-3.93). Our results suggest that domestic
poultry and livestock exposures are associated with diarrheal illness in humans.
Failure to ascertain the microbial cause of disease may mask this effect.
Exposure to domestic animals should be considered a risk factor for human
diarrheal illness and additional studies may identify potential mitigation
strategies to address this risk.