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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Mol+Cell 2014 ; 54 (2): 321-8 Nephropedia Template TP
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Bacteria Fighting Back ? How Pathogens Target and Subvert the Host Innate Immune System #MMPMID24766896
Reddick LE; Alto NM
Mol Cell 2014[Apr]; 54 (2): 321-8 PMID24766896show ga
The innate immune system has evolved under selective pressure since the radiation of multicellular life approximately six hundred million years ago. Because of this long history, innate immune mechanisms found in modern eukaryotic organisms today are highly complex, yet are built from common molecular strategies. It is now clear that evolution has selected a conserved set of anti-microbial peptides as well as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that initiate cellular-based signals as a first line of defense against invading pathogens. Conversely, microbial pathogens employ their own strategies to evade, inhibit, or otherwise manipulate the innate immune response. Here, we discuss recent discoveries that have changed our view of immune modulatory mechanisms employed by bacterial pathogens, focusing specifically on the initial sites of microbial recognition and extending to host cellular signal transduction, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and alteration of protein trafficking and secretion.