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10.1007/s11011-013-9444-9 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s11011-013-9444-9 C4020999!4020999 !24234505     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\24234505 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Metab+Brain+Dis 2014 ; 29 (4 ): 991-1006 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=24234505 |t=2014. ?-Ketoglutaramate: an overlooked metabolite of glutamine and a biomarker for hepatic encephalopathy and inborn errors of the urea cycle |pdf=|usr=}}{{24234505 }} gab.com Text -Ketoglutaramate: an overlooked metabolite of glutamine and a biomarker for hepatic encephalopathy and inborn errors of the urea cycle JO: Metab Brain Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24234505 #FOAvip Glutamine metabolism is generally regarded as proceeding via glutaminase-catalyzed hydrolysis to glutamate and ammonia, followed by conversion of glutamate to ?-ketoglutarate catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase or by a glutamate-linked aminotransferase (transaminase). However, another pathway exists for the conversion of glutamine to ?-ketoglutarate that is often overlooked, but is widely distributed in nature. This pathway, referred to as the glutaminase II pathway, consists of a glutamine transaminase coupled to ?-amidase. Transamination of glutamine results in formation of the corresponding ?-keto acid, namely, ?-ketoglutaramate (KGM). KGM is hydrolyzed by ?-amidase to ?-ketoglutarate and ammonia. The net glutaminase II reaction is: L?-?Glutamine?+???-?keto acid?+?H2O ? ??-?ketoglutarate?+?L?-?amino acid?+?ammonia. In this mini-review the biochemical importance of the glutaminase II pathway is summarized, with emphasis on the key component KGM. Forty years ago it was noted that the concentration of KGM is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and that the level of KGM in the CSF correlates well with the degree of encephalopathy. In more recent work, we have shown that KGM is markedly elevated in the urine of patients with inborn errors of the urea cycle. It is suggested that KGM may be a useful biomarker for many hyperammonemic diseases including hepatic encephalopathy, inborn errors of the urea cycle, citrin deficiency and lysinuric protein intolerance. Twit Text FOAVip -Ketoglutaramate: an overlooked metabolite of glutamine and a biomarker for hepatic encephalopathy and inborn errors of the urea cycle ????Metab Brain Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24234505 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24234505 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24234505 }}</ref> ?-Ketoglutaramate: an overlooked metabolite of glutamine and a biomarker for hepatic encephalopathy and inborn errors of the urea cycle #MMPMID24234505 Cooper AJ ; Kuhara T Metab Brain Dis 2014[Dec]; 29 (4 ): 991-1006 PMID24234505 show ga Glutamine metabolism is generally regarded as proceeding via glutaminase-catalyzed hydrolysis to glutamate and ammonia, followed by conversion of glutamate to ?-ketoglutarate catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase or by a glutamate-linked aminotransferase (transaminase). However, another pathway exists for the conversion of glutamine to ?-ketoglutarate that is often overlooked, but is widely distributed in nature. This pathway, referred to as the glutaminase II pathway, consists of a glutamine transaminase coupled to ?-amidase. Transamination of glutamine results in formation of the corresponding ?-keto acid, namely, ?-ketoglutaramate (KGM). KGM is hydrolyzed by ?-amidase to ?-ketoglutarate and ammonia. The net glutaminase II reaction is: L?-?Glutamine?+???-?keto acid?+?H2O ? ??-?ketoglutarate?+?L?-?amino acid?+?ammonia. In this mini-review the biochemical importance of the glutaminase II pathway is summarized, with emphasis on the key component KGM. Forty years ago it was noted that the concentration of KGM is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and that the level of KGM in the CSF correlates well with the degree of encephalopathy. In more recent work, we have shown that KGM is markedly elevated in the urine of patients with inborn errors of the urea cycle. It is suggested that KGM may be a useful biomarker for many hyperammonemic diseases including hepatic encephalopathy, inborn errors of the urea cycle, citrin deficiency and lysinuric protein intolerance. |Amidohydrolases/metabolism [MESH] |Aminohydrolases/metabolism [MESH] |Ammonia/*metabolism [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Biomarkers [MESH] |Carbon/metabolism [MESH] |Glutamine/metabolism [MESH] |Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology/*metabolism [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Hyperammonemia/classification/diagnosis/*metabolism [MESH] |Keto Acids/metabolism [MESH] |Ketoglutaric Acids/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism/urine [MESH] |Kynurenine/metabolism [MESH] |Liver Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid [MESH] |Mammals/metabolism [MESH] |Methionine/metabolism [MESH] |Nitrogen/metabolism [MESH] |Sulfur/metabolism [MESH] |Transaminases/metabolism/physiology [MESH]?-Ketoglutaramate: an overlooked metabolite of glutamine and a biomark(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing