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2014 ; 157
(2
): 420-432
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Asymmetric friction of nonmotor MAPs can lead to their directional motion in
active microtubule networks
#MMPMID24725408
Forth S
; Hsia KC
; Shimamoto Y
; Kapoor TM
Cell
2014[Apr]; 157
(2
): 420-432
PMID24725408
show ga
Diverse cellular processes require microtubules to be organized into distinct
structures, such as asters or bundles. Within these dynamic motifs,
microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are frequently under load, but how force
modulates these proteins' function is poorly understood. Here, we combine optical
trapping with TIRF-based microscopy to measure the force dependence of
microtubule interaction for three nonmotor MAPs (NuMA, PRC1, and EB1) required
for cell division. We find that frictional forces increase nonlinearly with MAP
velocity across microtubules and depend on filament polarity, with NuMA's
friction being lower when moving toward minus ends, EB1's lower toward plus ends,
and PRC1's exhibiting no directional preference. Mathematical models predict, and
experiments confirm, that MAPs with asymmetric friction can move directionally
within actively moving microtubule pairs they crosslink. Our findings reveal how
nonmotor MAPs can generate frictional resistance in dynamic cytoskeletal networks
via micromechanical adaptations whose anisotropy may be optimized for MAP
localization and function within cellular structures.