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2014 ; 369
(1644
): 20130289
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The mirror neuron system as revealed through neonatal imitation: presence from
birth, predictive power and evidence of plasticity
#MMPMID24778381
Simpson EA
; Murray L
; Paukner A
; Ferrari PF
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2014[]; 369
(1644
): 20130289
PMID24778381
show ga
There is strong evidence that neonates imitate previously unseen behaviours.
These behaviours are predominantly used in social interactions, demonstrating
neonates' ability and motivation to engage with others. Research on neonatal
imitation can provide a wealth of information about the early mirror neuron
system (MNS), namely its functional characteristics, its plasticity from birth
and its relation to skills later in development. Although numerous studies
document the existence of neonatal imitation in the laboratory, little is known
about its natural occurrence during parent-infant interactions and its plasticity
as a consequence of experience. We review these critical aspects of imitation,
which we argue are necessary for understanding the early action-perception
system. We address common criticisms and misunderstandings about neonatal
imitation and discuss methodological differences among studies. Recent work
reveals that individual differences in neonatal imitation positively correlate
with later social, cognitive and motor development. We propose that such
variation in neonatal imitation could reflect important individual differences of
the MNS. Although postnatal experience is not necessary for imitation, we present
evidence that neonatal imitation is influenced by experience in the first week of
life.