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2014 ; 369
(1644
): 20130183
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Neurofeedback training produces normalization in behavioural and
electrophysiological measures of high-functioning autism
#MMPMID24778378
Pineda JA
; Carrasco K
; Datko M
; Pillen S
; Schalles M
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2014[]; 369
(1644
): 20130183
PMID24778378
show ga
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition exhibiting
impairments in behaviour, social and communication skills. These deficits may
arise from aberrant functional connections that impact synchronization and
effective neural communication. Neurofeedback training (NFT), based on operant
conditioning of the electroencephalogram (EEG), has shown promise in addressing
abnormalities in functional and structural connectivity. We tested the efficacy
of NFT in reducing symptoms in children with ASD by targeting training to the
mirror neuron system (MNS) via modulation of EEG mu rhythms. The human MNS has
provided a neurobiological substrate for understanding concepts in social
cognition relevant to behavioural and cognitive deficits observed in ASD.
Furthermore, mu rhythms resemble MNS phenomenology supporting the argument that
they are linked to perception and action. Thirty hours of NFT on ASD and
typically developing (TD) children were assessed. Both groups completed an
eyes-open/-closed EEG session as well as a mu suppression index assessment before
and after training. Parents filled out pre- and post-behavioural questionnaires.
The results showed improvements in ASD subjects but not in TDs. This suggests
that induction of neuroplastic changes via NFT can normalize dysfunctional
mirroring networks in children with autism, but the benefits are different for TD
brains.