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2014 ; 565
(ä): 23-9
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Heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes
#MMPMID24361547
Anderson MA
; Ao Y
; Sofroniew MV
Neurosci Lett
2014[Apr]; 565
(ä): 23-9
PMID24361547
show ga
Astrocytes respond to injury and disease in the central nervous system (CNS) with
a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis. Recent progress demonstrates that
reactive astrogliosis is not a simple all-or-none phenomenon, but is a finely
gradated continuum of changes that range from reversible alterations in gene
expression and cell hypertrophy, to scar formation with permanent tissue
rearrangement. There is now compelling evidence that reactive astrocytes exhibit
a substantial potential for heterogeneity at multiple levels, including gene
expression, cell morphology, topography (distance from lesions), CNS regions,
local (among neighboring cells), cell signaling and cell function. Structural and
functional changes are regulated in reactive astrocytes by many different
potential signaling events that occur in a context dependent manner. It is
noteworthy that different stimuli of astrocyte reactivity can lead to similar
degrees of GFAP upregulation while causing substantially different changes in
transcriptome profiles and cell function. Thus, it is not possible to equate
simple and uniform measures such as cell hypertrophy and upregulation of GFAP
expression with a single, uniform concept of astrocyte reactivity. Instead, it is
necessary to recognize the considerable potential for heterogeneity and determine
the functional implications of astrocyte reactivity in a context specific manner
as regulated by specific signaling events.