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2014 ; 63
(4
): 1381-93
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Peroxynitrite disrupts endothelial caveolae leading to eNOS uncoupling and
diminished flow-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles of diabetic patients
#MMPMID24353182
Cassuto J
; Dou H
; Czikora I
; Szabo A
; Patel VS
; Kamath V
; Belin de Chantemele E
; Feher A
; Romero MJ
; Bagi Z
Diabetes
2014[Apr]; 63
(4
): 1381-93
PMID24353182
show ga
Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) contributes to coronary microvascular dysfunction in
diabetes mellitus (DM). We hypothesized that in DM, ONOO(-) interferes with the
function of coronary endothelial caveolae, which plays an important role in
nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasomotor regulation. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of
coronary arterioles was investigated in DM (n = 41) and non-DM (n = 37) patients
undergoing heart surgery. NO-mediated coronary FMD was significantly reduced in
DM patients, which was restored by ONOO(-) scavenger,
iron-(III)-tetrakis(N-methyl-4'pyridyl)porphyrin-pentachloride, or uric acid,
whereas exogenous ONOO(-) reduced FMD in non-DM subjects. Immunoelectron
microscopy demonstrated an increased 3-nitrotyrosine formation (ONOO(-)-specific
protein nitration) in endothelial plasma membrane in DM, which colocalized with
caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the key structural protein of caveolae. The
membrane-localized Cav-1 was significantly reduced in DM and also in high
glucose-exposed coronary endothelial cells. We also found that DM patients
exhibited a decreased number of endothelial caveolae, whereas exogenous ONOO(-)
reduced caveolae number. Correspondingly, pharmacological (methyl-?-cyclodextrin)
or genetic disruption of caveolae (Cav-1 knockout mice) abolished coronary FMD,
which was rescued by sepiapterin, the stable precursor of NO synthase (NOS)
cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Sepiapterin also restored coronary FMD in DM
patients. Thus, we propose that ONOO(-) selectively targets and disrupts
endothelial caveolae, which contributes to NOS uncoupling, and, hence, reduced
NO-mediated coronary vasodilation in DM patients.